aenhancers

Is it possible to access the font property for the "ADBE Basic Text2", "ADBE Numbers2", "ADBE Path Text" effects?

And is it possible to get all the fonts that are installed in After Effects? I'd like to be able to check if a used font is available on our render farm.

I'm pretty sure neither of those things are possible.
With the font on render farm, you could try setting the font then read what the font is. If it isn't what you set it to you'll know it isn't installed. That's about the best I can think of.